Newmark (1988b) stated the comparison between translation method and translation procedures. He carries on refer to the following methods of translation.
Word-for-Word Translation
In which, SL words are maintained and the words are translated singly by their most common meanings, regardless of context, and in sequences
Example : I am a student ( saya adalah seorang siswa)
Example : I am a student ( saya adalah seorang siswa)
Literal Translation
In which same as word-for-word translation, the difference lies in SL construction grammatically transformed to their nearest TL equivalents.
Example : It's raining cats and dogs (Hujan kucing dan anjing)
Example : It's raining cats and dogs (Hujan kucing dan anjing)
Faithful Translation
It attempts to create the precise contextual meaning of the original but it still remain bound to TL grammatical structures.
Example : Ben is too well aware that he's naughty (Ben menyadari terlalu baik bahwa dia nakal)
Example : Ben is too well aware that he's naughty (Ben menyadari terlalu baik bahwa dia nakal)
Semantic Translation
Semantic Translation means that the central concern of the translation is to convey the meaning of the phrase and sentence (this could be paraphrase or literal depending on what is the balance that the translator aims for)
Example : He is a book-worn ( Dia adalah orang yang suka sekali membaca)
Example : He is a book-worn ( Dia adalah orang yang suka sekali membaca)
Adaptation
Adaptation translation emphasize the message, not the sentence.
Example : as white as snow (seputih kapas)
Example : as white as snow (seputih kapas)
Free Translation
Free translation is a method that rewrite a text without seeing the original form. it usually a paraphrase of which can be shorter or longer than the original.
Idiomatic Translation
Idiomatic translation reproduces text messages in a foreign language with phrases which more natural and familiar
Example : I'll should you a beer (mari minum bir bersama-sama, saya yang akan membayar)
Example : I'll should you a beer (mari minum bir bersama-sama, saya yang akan membayar)
Communicative translation
Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership (1988b: 45-47).
Example : "Thorns spines in old reef sediments". For biology, spines is spina, and in generally, spines has meaning in Indonesia is duri
sources
https://sites.google.com/site/translationclasssite/lesson-materials
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_translation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_translation
